The Application of Passive Sampling Devices in Wastewater Surveillance

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a surveillance approach used to examine chemical and biological targets within population. Historically, the most common approaches wastewater sampling include grab composite sampling, which can be performed manually or using an automated sampler. However, there are inherent flaws with these methods. They miss analytes due fluctuation events in have high cost labour implications. Alternately, passive technique that involves medium stay aqueous matrix for extended periods of time provide greater temporal coverage. This literature review examines current devices general contaminants they targeting. The polar organic integrated sampler, Chemcatcher®, diffusive gradients thin films sampler semipermeable membrane were among frequently deployed samplers matrices. Chemical pharmaceuticals identified as targets. Passive has received recent attention SARS-CoV-2; however, overall, lack critical knowledge relating deployment associated variability Notwithstanding, ability capture make it useful pathogens community. Future research should focus on addressing gaps optimise use devices.